Reverberation artifact is produced by echoes between two closely spaced strong reflectors, creating multiple echoes.

• A. Mirror
• B. Grating lobes
• C. Speckle
• D. Reverberation

Answer: (D)

Reverberation occurs when sound waves bounce back and forth between two closely spaced strong reflectors, producing multiple echoes along the beam. Each bounce returns to the transducer, so you see a series of echoes at regular intervals deeper in the image. The spacing between echoes reflects the distance between the two reflectors and the speed of sound in tissue, creating a characteristic ladder-like pattern. This is what sets reverberation apart from other artifacts: a single copy image from a mirror surface, off-axis echoes from grating lobes, or the granular speckle pattern produced by interference rather than repeated reflections.